Most Mfg tell you the movement in their on line information. However, some, like Breitling, give their ETA movement a 'breitling' movement number, but you can find a cross reference on the internet to tell you what it is in reality. Other B's have real in-house movements as well, as they are shifting away from the ETA movements.
Omega makes a lot of their own movements, I'm not sure they make every one
Rolex of course is famous for being an in-house movement.
Many really high-end watches are in-house - above 20K for example. A. Lange, that sort, Patik, I'm pretty sure.
Seiko is all in house, from their cheapest to their most expensive mechanical movements.
Some very good info in there, but a couple of things that aren't quite right (unfortunately). Many of the mid-range brands try to obscure the fact that they are using the same ETA (or clone) movements as everyone else. So, if you look into TAG, Longines, Frederique Constant (for their non-actual-in-house movements), Junghans, and many more, they will have their own movement ids and names, but they are really ETA 2824, 2836, 2892 or ETA/Valjoux 7750 movements. Ironically, Longines is part of the same company as ETA, Swatch, yet they practice this same deception.
Omega is also part of the Swatch group, and most of their movements are based on the same ETA ones, but they have some significant improvements applied that aren't available to other brands, so they are given a pass as being "in-house", if not "manufacture".
For an introduction to manufacture watches/movements, take a look at this article:
Selection of 21 Affordable Manufacture Watches | independent watch projects
There is quite a bit of info on movements here:
http://watchotaku.com/display/swr/Movements
What are you looking to learn? Here are some highlights:
1. In the under-$4000 space, pretty much every "Swiss" watch is made using a movement from ETA, a division of Swatch, or a clone of one of their movements. Sellita and Soprod are the main clone makers. Interestingly, Sellita gained this position by ETA outsourcing work to them, so, really, they have been making ETA movements and parts for a long time. There has been lots of good analysis of these clone movements and most feel they are as good as the ETA ones.
2. The main "Swiss" movements:
- ETA 2824: This is the workhorse movement of the industry, found in models from just about everyone. It is reliable, accurate, easily adjusted and serviced.
- ETA 2892: A thinner and slightly higher spec version of the 2824.
- Valjoux (now ETA) 7750: Automatic chronograph movement used in watches ranging from $600 to $10,000+. Another accurate and durable movement that has withstood the test of time.
3. Japanese makers:
- Citizen produces a whole lot of one very solid performer, the 8215. They put it in a few of their own watches, but it goes in many other brands. Most of these are well below your $1500 budget, but they are very good watches.
- Seiko, as mentioned above, makes their own movements in house. They have quite a few of them, pretty much all are very good.
- Orient is wholly owned by Seiko, but operates fairly independently. As they don't sell their movements to others, they are one of the most pure 'manufacture' producers these days. The Orient Star line are certainly on par with Swiss watches in the $1k+ range.
4. Chinese makers have been coming on strong for some time now. There isn't always great information available about the differences between movements and who makes some of the less common ones. If you have any interest, I'd start looking at this Wiki:
Main Page - Chinese Watch Industry Wiki
With what you are looking for, the reasons to look at Chinese would be if you wanted a Tourbillon, or if you were interested in getting more than one great watch with your budget. The
Perpetual Chronograph II is certainly worth considering, if you want a unique movement and a high-value piece.
From a value perspective, you can do a lot better with those that don't spend a big part of their budget on advertising and celebrity sponsors (Tag, RW, Longines, etc.). Here are a few forum favorites:
Christopher Ward
Hamilton
Stowa
Steinhart
Orient/Orient Star
Oris
Magrette
Ocean7 (there are a lot more boutique dive watch brands, but I include Ocean7 and Magrette because they have some different styles)