Afaik, direct sun light is best. Followed by short wave light as in UV lamps (normal black light bulbs or LEDs), followed by fluorescent light, with incandescent light at the bottom.
I also think that fully charged is fully charged. So from there on it can only go downwards. The difference is in how fast you get the full charge not in how long it lasts.
How long it lasts, given that you started with a full charge, will depend on the luminous material, the binder used, and how much is used. Indirectly also on the background color because that will make it seem brighter, too.
From pics and charts I've seen the greenish Superluminova C3 is the strongest. Apparently Seiko's Lumibright is the same thing as C3. I'd like to know what Citizen uses because frankly, I find Citizen jade blue-green lume to be even stronger than Seiko's. And longer lasting, too.
I don't know what Rolex's new lume is made of. It's blueish, too.
If you want lume that really does last all night long, you need to use tritium gas tubes or tritium paint (haven't seen that in modern watches lately).
It's really also a question of ambient light and of how your eyes are adjusted. If it's totally dark I can even see the very faint tritium lume of a 20 year old Rolex. But in the movie theater it's practically useless.
What also works very well are very highly polished silver hands on a matt black background especially if the hands have an edge where the light can reflect. If there is the slightest amount of light left, you can read the time.